All posts by Terry Harris

Official rate of interest for beneficial loans

Employers providing loans to employees or directors need to ensure they correctly calculate any taxable benefit using HMRC’s official rate of interest. Where a loan is provided at no interest or at a rate below the official rate, a taxable benefit may arise. These types of loans are referred to as beneficial loans.

A beneficial loan therefore occurs when the interest paid by the employee or director is less than the interest that would have been payable using HMRC’s official rate of interest. The taxable benefit is generally calculated on the difference between the interest due at the official rate and the amount of interest actually paid.

The official rate of interest is set by HMRC and is used to calculate the taxable benefit for each tax year. Employers must use the correct rate when reporting benefits through payroll or on form P11D. The rate may change over time, so employers should check the applicable rate for the relevant tax year. For the 2026-27 tax year, HMRC’s official rate of interest is 3.75%. Employers should use the correct rate for the relevant tax year when calculating the taxable benefit on beneficial loans.

For example, if an employee receives an interest-free loan, the employer must calculate the interest that would have been charged using the official rate and report this amount as a taxable benefit, unless an exemption applies.

Certain loans may be exempt from the beneficial loan rules, including some small loans where the total outstanding balance does not exceed £10,000 throughout the tax year.

Employers should review any loans provided to employees or directors regularly to ensure the correct calculations are made and benefits are reported accurately.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs | 17-08-2026

Incorporation Relief may reduce your CGT bill

When a sole trader or the partners in a partnership transfer a business to a limited company, Capital Gains Tax (CGT) may arise. This is because business assets are normally treated as being transferred at their market value, which may be considerably more than their original cost.

However, Incorporation Relief can allow some or all of the resulting gain to be deferred.

Broadly, the relief may be available where a business is transferred to a company as a going concern, together with all its assets, other than cash if desired, and the consideration received is wholly or partly in shares in the company.

Where the conditions are met, the gain eligible for relief is deducted from the CGT base cost of the shares received. This means that CGT is generally postponed until the shares are eventually sold or otherwise disposed of. If cash or other consideration is received alongside shares, the relief is normally restricted to the proportion of the transfer represented by shares. Part of the gain may therefore become immediately chargeable to CGT.

Incorporation Relief must now be claimed

An important change applies to businesses transferred to companies on or after 6 April 2026. Previously, Incorporation Relief applied automatically where the necessary conditions were satisfied. For transfers from 6 April 2026, the relief must instead be claimed. The claim will normally be made through the Self-Assessment tax return for the tax year in which the transfer takes place.

The claim must be made on or before the first anniversary of 31 January following the tax year in which the business transfer took place. For example, for a transfer during the 2026/27 tax year, the claim deadline will normally be 31 January 2029.

Failing to make a valid claim could therefore result in CGT becoming payable on gains arising when the business is transferred to the company.

Incorporation Relief is not necessarily the best option in every case. Before incorporating a business, it is worth considering the immediate CGT consequences, whether other reliefs may be available and the potential tax position when the company shares are eventually sold.

Professional advice should therefore be obtained before completing a business incorporation, particularly where the business has significant goodwill, property or other assets that have increased substantially in value.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs | 17-08-2026

HMRC penalties for failing to notify a tax liability

If you become liable to pay a tax or register for a tax that HMRC has not already been informed about, you must notify HMRC within the relevant time limit. Failing to do so can result in a financial penalty in addition to the tax and any interest due.

A failure to notify can arise in a range of situations, including when a business exceeds the VAT registration threshold, a company becomes liable for Corporation Tax or an individual first becomes liable to Income Tax when self-employment profits or investment income first arises. In some cases, businesses must also register before carrying out certain taxable activities.

HMRC calculates penalties according to the circumstances of the failure. Factors to be considered include whether the failure was deliberate, whether it was disclosed voluntarily before HMRC identified it, and how much assistance was provided during the disclosure process. Taxpayers who make an unprompted disclosure and fully cooperate with HMRC can often receive significantly lower penalties than those who wait for HMRC to discover the issue.

The level of penalty depends on the type of failure and the taxpayer’s behaviour. Penalties can range from a percentage of the tax liability that should have been reported, with lower penalties generally applying where a taxpayer makes a voluntary disclosure and cooperates with HMRC. Higher penalties can apply where the failure was deliberate or where HMRC discovers the issue before the taxpayer comes forward. In the most serious cases, penalties can be up to 100% of the tax due. HMRC will not normally charge a penalty where there is a reasonable excuse, provided the taxpayer notified HMRC without unreasonable delay after the reasonable excuse ended.

If you think you may have failed to notify HMRC of a tax liability, it is usually better to act promptly, and we would be happy to advise you. Coming forward voluntarily and providing complete information can reduce the level of any penalty and help resolve matters more quickly. 

Source: HM Revenue & Customs | 17-08-2026

Tax relief on pension contributions for employees

Receiving tax relief on pension contributions into a workplace pension is a great way to help prepare for retirement. In addition, contributions from your employer can make the pension savings even greater. 

If you are automatically enrolled into a workplace pension a percentage of your earnings is paid into your pension fund each payday. Your employer must also contribute if you meet the automatic enrolment rules, with minimum contributions currently set at 3% from the employer and 5% from the employee, giving a total minimum contribution of 8% of qualifying earnings. Some employers also choose to contribute more than the legal minimum.

The way you receive tax relief depends on how your workplace pension operates. Under a net pay arrangement, pension contributions are deducted before Income Tax is calculated, meaning you receive tax relief automatically at your highest rate.

Under relief at source, contributions are taken after tax, and your pension provider claims basic-rate tax relief from HMRC. Higher and additional-rate taxpayers may then be able to claim extra tax relief through their self-assessment tax return or by contacting HMRC.

Some employers also offer salary sacrifice, where you agree to exchange part of your salary for an employer pension contribution. This can reduce both Income Tax and National Insurance contributions for you and your employer.

Before opting out of a workplace pension, it is worth considering the value of employer contributions and tax relief, with some care as these benefits can significantly increase your retirement savings over time.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs | 17-08-2026

Why successful businesses prepare before conditions improve

Economic uncertainty has affected the confidence of many small business owners. Rising costs, changing customer demand and pressure on cash flow have led some businesses to postpone investment until conditions improve. While this cautious approach is understandable, waiting for the economy to recover before taking action can mean missed opportunities.

A good starting point is to review profitability. Are all products and services making a worthwhile contribution? Have prices kept pace with increasing costs? Small adjustments to pricing or the product mix can have a significant impact on profits without requiring additional sales.

Cash flow also deserves regular attention. Reducing debtor days, managing stock more effectively and reviewing supplier payment terms can improve liquidity and reduce the need for external finance. Strong cash flow provides greater flexibility when opportunities arise.

Periods of slower growth are also an ideal time to review business processes. Many firms discover that routine tasks can be simplified or automated, freeing staff to focus on activities that generate income or improve customer service.

Customer relationships should not be overlooked. Existing customers are often the easiest source of additional business. Regular communication, prompt service and identifying changing customer needs can strengthen loyalty and create opportunities to introduce new products or services.

Investment in staff training is another area that often delivers long-term benefits. Developing new skills today can improve productivity and prepare employees for future challenges.

Finally, ensure that the business has realistic budgets and cash flow forecasts. Regularly comparing actual results against expectations allows problems to be identified early and gives owners greater confidence when making important decisions.

The businesses that emerge strongest from challenging economic conditions are rarely those that simply wait for circumstances to change. They are the ones that prepare, adapt and position themselves for success long before confidence returns.

Source: Other | 16-08-2026

Could better digital skills transform your business?

Technology is changing the way businesses operate, and the pace of change is only increasing. While large organisations often have dedicated IT departments, many small businesses still rely on traditional methods that consume valuable time and limit productivity. Improving digital skills can help businesses work more efficiently, reduce costs and provide a better service to customers.

Digital skills are no longer limited to understanding computers. They include making effective use of cloud accounting software, collaborating online, managing customer relationships, using artificial intelligence responsibly, improving cyber security and automating routine administration.

One of the biggest benefits is the time that can be saved. Tasks such as issuing invoices, chasing payments, booking appointments and filing documents can often be automated, allowing owners and staff to concentrate on higher value work. Even small improvements can save several hours each week.

Better digital skills can also improve decision making. Most business software can provide real-time information on sales, cash flow and profitability, allowing problems to be identified before they become serious. Owners who have access to timely financial information are generally better placed to make informed decisions about pricing, investment and recruitment.

Customer service can also benefit. Businesses that use online booking systems, electronic quotations and digital communication often respond more quickly to enquiries and provide a smoother experience for their customers. This can improve customer satisfaction and encourage repeat business.

However, technology should be adopted carefully. Staff need appropriate training, and businesses should ensure that confidential information is protected. Strong passwords, multi-factor authentication and regular software updates remain essential safeguards against cybercrime.

Many organisations now offer free or subsidised digital skills training for small businesses. Taking advantage of these opportunities can be a cost-effective way to improve productivity without significant investment.

Businesses that embrace technology are often better equipped to respond to changing market conditions. Improving digital skills is not simply about keeping up with new technology. It is about working smarter, making better decisions and creating more time to focus on growing the business.

Source: Other | 16-08-2026

Will your next finance application succeed?

Many successful businesses eventually reach a point where additional finance is needed. Whether the objective is purchasing equipment, expanding premises, recruiting staff or improving cash flow, access to funding can often determine how quickly a business can grow.

Unfortunately, many applications are rejected, not because the business lacks potential, but because lenders are unconvinced by the information they receive.

Before approaching a bank or other lender, it is worth taking time to understand what they are likely to assess. Profitability is important, but it is only part of the picture. Lenders also want reassurance that the business generates sufficient cash to meet future loan repayments. A profitable business can still experience cash flow difficulties, making cash flow forecasts an essential part of any application.

Up-to-date financial information is equally important. Management accounts, current balance sheets and realistic forecasts demonstrate that the owners understand their business and actively monitor performance. Out-of-date figures can quickly undermine confidence.

Lenders also look closely at the purpose of the borrowing. A well-prepared application should explain exactly how the funds will be used and how the investment will improve the business. For example, purchasing equipment that increases productivity or investing in technology that reduces operating costs presents a stronger case than borrowing simply to cover recurring losses.

Existing borrowing will also be reviewed. Businesses should understand their current commitments and be prepared to explain how any new borrowing fits within their overall financial position. Demonstrating sensible financial management can improve credibility considerably.

Credit history matters too. Paying suppliers, lenders and HMRC on time helps build confidence, while resolving any historic issues before applying can improve the chances of success.

Business owners should also remember that banks are no longer the only source of finance. Asset finance, invoice finance, Government-backed lending schemes and regional investment funds may all provide suitable alternatives depending on the circumstances.

Finance providers want confidence that a business is professionally managed and capable of repaying what it borrows. By preparing thoroughly and presenting clear, well-supported financial information, businesses can significantly improve their chances of obtaining the funding they need to support future growth.

Source: Other | 02-08-2026

Five practical ways to reduce business energy costs

Energy costs remain a significant overhead for many UK businesses. Although wholesale prices have eased from the exceptional highs seen in recent years, uncertainty in global energy markets means prices can still fluctuate sharply. For many small businesses, reducing energy consumption remains one of the simplest ways to improve profitability.

The first step is to understand where your energy is being used. Reviewing recent electricity and gas bills can help identify seasonal patterns and unusually high periods of consumption. If your business has a smart meter, you may be able to access more detailed information that highlights where savings could be made.

Lighting is often one of the easiest areas to address. Replacing older bulbs with LED lighting can reduce electricity consumption significantly, while installing motion sensors in less frequently used areas prevents lights being left on unnecessarily. Businesses should also ensure that external lighting is switched off outside trading hours unless it is required for security.

Heating and cooling systems deserve equal attention. Poorly maintained boilers and air conditioning units consume more energy than necessary. Regular servicing, combined with sensible temperature settings, can reduce running costs without affecting staff comfort. Improving insulation and eliminating draughts may also provide worthwhile savings, particularly in older premises.

Office equipment is another area where costs can quietly accumulate. Computers, printers and other devices should be switched off when not in use rather than left on standby overnight or during weekends. Many modern devices include power-saving settings that can reduce electricity consumption automatically.

Businesses should also review their energy contracts before renewal. The cheapest tariff several years ago may no longer represent good value today. Shopping around or using an independent broker may identify more competitive deals, particularly where fixed price contracts are available.

For businesses planning longer-term improvements, investment in energy-efficient machinery or renewable technologies may reduce operating costs over many years. While such projects require careful financial evaluation, they can also improve resilience against future price increases.

Finally, involve your employees. Simple measures such as turning off unnecessary equipment, reporting maintenance issues promptly and adopting energy-conscious habits can make a noticeable difference over time.

Every pound saved on energy costs falls directly to the bottom line. At a time when many businesses continue to face rising employment, borrowing and operating costs, reviewing energy usage is a practical exercise that can improve cash flow and profitability without increasing sales. A regular review could reveal savings that are easier to achieve than you might expect.

Source: Other | 02-08-2026

Tax Diary September/October 2026

1 September 2026 – Due date for corporation tax due for the year ended 30 November 2025.

19 September 2026 – PAYE and NIC deductions due for month ended 5 September 2026. (If you pay your tax electronically the due date is 22 September 2026)

19 September 2026 – Filing deadline for the CIS300 monthly return for the month ended 5 September 2026. 

19 September 2026 – CIS tax deducted for the month ended 5 September 2026 is payable by today.

1 October 2026 – Due date for Corporation Tax due for the year ended 31 December 2025.

19 October 2026 – PAYE and NIC deductions due for month ended 5 October 2026. (If you pay your tax electronically the due date is 22 October 2026)

19 October 2026 – Filing deadline for the CIS monthly return for the month ended 5 October 2026. 

19 October 2026 – CIS tax deducted for the month ended 5 October 2026 is payable by today.

31 October 2026 – Latest date you can file a paper version of your 2025-26 self-assessment tax return.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs | 04-08-2026

Amending a mistake on your tax return

What happens if you discover a mistake on your tax return? The good news is that errors can usually be corrected, but it is important to take action as soon as possible to avoid paying the wrong amount of tax or missing out on a possible refund.

If you realise that you have made an error after submitting your self-assessment tax return, you can normally amend your return within 12 months of the self-assessment filing deadline. The amendment can be made online or by submitting a revised paper return. For example, your self-assessment for the 2024-25 tax year can usually be amended up to 31 January 2027.

If you amend your return online, your tax calculation will be updated immediately and will show whether you owe additional tax or are entitled to a repayment. Any changes may also affect payments on account.

If the 12-month amendment period has passed, you will need to contact HMRC in writing. This applies if you need to report income that was missed from your return or if you believe you have paid too much tax and want to claim overpayment relief.

Overpayment relief claims can generally be made up to four years after the end of the relevant tax year. You must explain why you believe the tax has been overpaid, provide details of the amount involved, and confirm that the information provided is correct and complete.

Source: HM Revenue & Customs | 03-08-2026