Archive: 24th July 2025

Capital Gains Tax

Capital Gains valuations of goodwill

Jul 24, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

Who values goodwill when a business is sold? HMRC's Shares and Assets Valuation team takes the lead.

Whether the goodwill belongs to a sole trader, partnership or limited company, HMRC’s SAV team will either accept the submitted valuation, give their own open market estimate, or state they need more information.

For non-corporate goodwill, the SAV team have the following options for valuing goodwill:

  • Accepting the valuation
  • Providing an opinion of Open Market Value if the claim appears under or overvalued
  • Stating that insufficient information is available to form a view

Corporate goodwill valuations are usually submitted directly to SAV as informal or formal requests. When Trade Related Property is involved, the SAV team will liaise with the Valuation Office Agency.

These are the key issues the SAV team will look at when valuing goodwill:

  • the full sale and purchase documentation relating to the transfer of both tangible and intangible assets;
  • succession arrangements;
  • the valuation approach used – e.g. capitalisation of profits, super profits or a trade specific method;
  • the activities of the business and role of the owners within it;
  • the financial statements/accounts (including the detailed trading and profit and loss account) for the 3 years before valuation;
  • any other relevant financial information;
  • appropriate yield and multiples of comparable companies and sectors;
  • the commercial and economic background at valuation date;
  • how the personal goodwill of the owner has been reflected in the valuation; and
  • any other relevant factors.

Open market value must exclude any assumptions about a "special purchaser" unless industry norms support synergy-based premiums.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 21-07-2025
Value Added Tax

VAT relief for the disabled

Jul 24, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

VAT relief is available on goods and services for people with long-term illnesses or disabilities. 

There are special VAT reliefs available for certain people living with disabilities or long-term illnesses. These reliefs are generally available on certain products and services designed specifically for their personal or domestic use. This VAT relief covers not only the product itself but also installation, repairs, maintenance as well as related spare parts and accessories.

Eligible items typically include adjustable beds, stair lifts, wheelchairs, medical aids, low vision aids (excluding glasses or contact lenses) and home building works such as ramps, widened doorways or lifts. Motor vehicles purchased or leased through the Motability scheme may also qualify.

To benefit from this relief, the individual must meet HMRC’s criteria which usually covers those with a long-term physical or mental condition affecting daily life, chronic illnesses such as diabetes or terminal conditions. Age criteria alone, or temporary disabilities, do not qualify.

Buyers must provide a written declaration confirming their eligibility. Most suppliers will provide a standard form for this purpose.

For imported items, qualifying goods for personal use can benefit from VAT relief if they are properly declared.

Local councils may also offer support or funding for necessary home adaptations, helping ensure greater independence and quality of life for disabled individuals.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 21-07-2025
Inheritance Tax

Current Inheritance Tax thresholds

Jul 24, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

Married couples can pass on up to £1 million tax-free if they plan their estates carefully.

The Inheritance Tax  (IHT) nil-rate band is currently £325,000. This means there is normally no IHT to pay if an estate is valued below this threshold. This amount can be higher if you leave everything above the £325,000 threshold to your spouse, civil partner, a charity or a community amateur sports club.

In addition, there is an IHT residence nil rate band (RNRB) of £175,000. This is a transferable allowance for married couples and civil partners (per person) when their main residence is passed down to a direct descendent such as children or grandchildren after their death. The allowance is available to the deceased person’s children or grandchildren.

Any unused portion of the RNRB can be transferred to a surviving spouse or partner. The RNRB is in addition to the £325,000 nil-rate band. The allowance is available to the deceased person's children or grandchildren. Taken together with the current IHT limit of £325,000 this means that married couples and civil partners can pass on property worth up to £1 million (£325,000 x 2 plus £175,000 x 2) free of IHT to their direct descendants. 

The transfer does not happen automatically and must be claimed from HMRC when the second spouse or civil partner dies. This is usually done by the executor making a claim to transfer the unused RNRB from the estate of the spouse or civil partner that died first.

There is a tapering of the RNRB for estates worth more than £2 million even where the family home is left to direct descendants. The additional threshold will be reduced by £1 for every £2 that the estate is worth more than the £2 million taper threshold. This can result in the full amount of the RNRB being tapered away. 

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 21-07-2025
Corporate Governance & Regulation

Verifying your ID at Companies House

Jul 24, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

You now need to set up a verified GOV.UK One Login to confirm your identity with Companies House.

To verify your identity at Companies House, you can use the GOV.UK online verification service if you have one of several accepted photo identification documents. These include a biometric passport from any country, a full or provisional UK photo driving licence, a UK biometric residence permit or card or a UK Frontier Worker permit.

You will also need to provide your current address along with the year you moved in, and you must sign into or create a GOV.UK One Login account to complete the process. Your verified identity will then be linked to your GOV.UK One Login account.

A recent update to the guidance published by Companies House makes it clear that each email address can only be used once for identity verification. If other individuals use the same email address to access GOV.UK One Login, they will need to register a separate account with a different email address.

If you do not have any of the accepted forms of photo ID but live in the UK, there are alternative ways to verify your identity. These include verifying your identity in-person at a Post Office or using details from your bank or building society account together with your National Insurance number.

If you are unable to verify your identity using any of the available online or in-person methods, you can appoint an Authorised Corporate Service Provider (ACSP), such as an accountant or solicitor to verify your identity on your behalf.

Source:Companies House | 21-07-2025
Employment Law

An employee’s emergency contact details are strictly private

Jul 23, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

A recent ruling affirms that an employer is directly liable for the unauthorised disclosure of an employee's private information. An employee worked at a JD Wetherspoon pub for approximately eighteen months, during which time she provided her contact details, including her mother's mobile number as an "emergency contact phone number". These details were kept in her personnel file, conspicuously marked "Strictly Private and Confidential," and locked in a filing cabinet in the manager's office. She ceased working at the pub before Christmas 2018, and her details were properly retained by the defendant.

Throughout 2018, the claimant endured severe abuse from her then-partner, who was arrested in the autumn and held on remand for serious violence and harassment offences. Due to a history of abuse and her desire to avoid further contact with him, she changed her mobile phone number, rendering the number on file obsolete, although her mother's mobile number remained active.

On Christmas Day 2018, while on remand, her ex-partner obtained a mobile phone and called the Wetherspoons pub, falsely identifying himself as a police officer and claiming an urgent need to contact the claimant. A staff member who knew the claimant consulted with the manager, who then accessed the claimant's confidential personnel file, transcribed her mother's mobile number, and instructed the staff member to provide it to the caller.  

The ex-partner then called the claimant's mother, who was out at a Christmas lunch with her family, including the claimant. Again impersonating a police officer, he persuaded the mother of his urgent need to speak to the claimant, and the phone was passed to her, whereupon she was verbally abused and threatened. Not only had the abusive relationship and her fear of contact been disclosed to the manager on several occasions, but Wetherspoons was aware that "pretexting" is a known threat and that their staff was trained concerning such threats.  

The claimant successfully sought damages pertaining to the misuse of private information and breach of confidence, although claims of further breaches under the Data Protection Act (DPA) 2018 and the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) 2018, while initially dismissed, were later upheld by the High Court.

Here, there is a clear distinction drawn between a failure to keep data secure online and an active disclosure of data by the employer's staff. Employers must not only have policies in place but also ensure that they are understood and followed in practice. Such training must be robust and regularly reinforced to avoid being found vicariously liable. It is simply insufficient to have a "Strictly Private and Confidential" label or issue a training manual. An employee's emergency contact details, even if they are those of a relative, constitute private information, and employees have a reasonable expectation of privacy.

Source:Other | 22-07-2025
Business Support

Big cuts to electricity network costs for heavy industries

Jul 21, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

The UK Government has unveiled a landmark plan to reduce electricity network charges for the country’s most energy intensive industries, such as steel, ceramics, glass and chemicals, slashing costs by up to 90% from 2026.

What is changing?

The current 60% rebate under the Network Charging Compensation (NCC) scheme will rise to 90%, delivering savings of approximately £7 per megawatt hour for around 500 qualifying firms. Annual savings are projected at up to £420 million once fully in effect, bringing energy costs more closely into line with European competitors.

Context and strategy

This initiative forms part of the Government’s broader Modern Industrial Strategy and British Industry Supercharger package, introduced to strengthen competitiveness and support domestic manufacturing. A four week public consultation has been launched on the uplift and related reforms, including a proposal to double the NCC application window from one to two months.

Why this matters

By reducing energy overheads, the plan aims to boost investment, protect jobs, and help UK heavy industry stay globally competitive. Government estimates indicate that UK manufacturing has now recovered to pre pandemic levels, supported by approximately 12,000 new jobs in the year to March 2024.

Complementary measures

The announcement follows recent confirmation of the British Industrial Competitiveness Scheme, due to launch in 2027. This scheme will cut broader electricity bills by up to 25% for over 7,000 manufacturers, primarily by exempting them from green levies. A new Connections Accelerator Service will also streamline grid connections by the end of 2025, while upcoming legislation will grant powers to reserve grid capacity for strategic infrastructure.

Industry response

Business groups, including representatives from the steel sector, have welcomed the changes as a timely and necessary move to secure a competitive future for UK manufacturing.

Source:Other | 20-07-2025
Business Support

UK Export Finance: Empowering UK Businesses to Go Global

Jul 21, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

UK Export Finance (UKEF) is the UK’s export credit agency and government-backed financier. Its mission is to ensure that no viable UK export fails simply due to lack of funding or insurance.

What UKEF offers

  • Working capital support: Through schemes such as the General Export Facility, Export Working Capital Scheme, and Export Development Guarantee, UKEF backs loans that help UK businesses fulfil multiple export contracts or build up stock and capacity. Loans of up to £25 million are available, typically delivered through participating lenders.
  • Bond protection: UKEF supports performance bonds and advance payment guarantees through its Bond Support Scheme and Bond Insurance Policy. This enables exporters to meet buyer demands without tying up excessive working capital, as banks are more willing to issue bonds when UKEF shares the risk.
  • Export insurance: UKEF insures against risks that private insurers may be unwilling to cover. This includes non-payment by overseas buyers and political risks in certain markets. Cover is available for up to 95% of the contract value, giving exporters confidence to sell to new or emerging markets.
  • Buyer finance and direct lending: UKEF can finance overseas buyers of UK goods and services through its Buyer Credit Facility and Direct Lending Facility. These allow foreign governments or companies to access competitive finance terms when purchasing from UK suppliers, especially for infrastructure and capital projects.
  • Expert guidance: UKEF’s nationwide network of Export Finance Managers offers free, impartial advice to UK businesses. They help firms assess eligibility, navigate applications, and manage risk more effectively.

Why it matters

UKEF removes many of the common financial barriers that prevent UK firms from exporting. By providing financial backing, guarantees, and insurance, it helps businesses of all sizes grow through international trade.

Source:Other | 20-07-2025
Inheritance Tax

Double Tax Conventions and IHT

Jul 17, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

Double tax on estates can still hit families hard, even with treaties in place. When someone dies with ties to more than one country, their estate may face inheritance tax in both jurisdictions. Fortunately, the UK has Double Taxation Conventions with several countries to help reduce or eliminate this burden. Understanding how these treaties work, and what happens when no agreement exists, can make a big difference when dealing with international assets and long-term UK residents treated as UK domiciled.

Under these agreements, the country where the deceased was domiciled (or treated as domiciled) has primary taxing rights over all assets. The other country may only tax specific assets located in its own territory, such as land or buildings. Since 6 April 2025, long-term UK residents are treated as deemed UK domiciled for Inheritance Tax (IHT) purposes.

If double taxation still occurs, the DTC determines which country gives credit for the tax paid to the other. Relief is generally given in the UK through a credit for the overseas tax paid against the IHT due in the UK on the same assets already taxed.

The UK has current double taxation agreements that apply to IHT with countries including the USA, Ireland, South Africa, Sweden, Switzerland and the Netherlands. Older treaties exist with France, Italy, India and Pakistan but follow different rules and don’t have a provision for deemed domicile.

If no DTC exists, Unilateral Relief may be available. HMRC may still give credit for foreign tax on overseas assets, using a set formula to calculate proportional relief.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 14-07-2025
Corporate Governance & Regulation

New requirements for Overseas Entities

Jul 17, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

Overseas property owners must now report earlier ownership changes or risk penalties from 31 July 2025. Under new rules introduced by the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023, entities that registered on the UK’s Register of Overseas Entities must disclose any changes in beneficial ownership that occurred during their pre-registration period. This adds to the annual update requirements already in place and supports HMRC’s efforts to combat offshore tax non-compliance. Missing a deadline or failing to register can result in fines, and can make it impossible to sell or mortgage the property.

The Register of Overseas Entities came into force in the UK on 1 August 2022. The register is held by Companies House and requires overseas entities that own land or property in the UK to declare their beneficial owners and / or managing officers.

From 31 July 2025, overseas entities must report any beneficial ownership changes that occurred during the pre-registration period when filing an updated statement with Companies House. This is a new measure that was introduced under the Economic Crime and Corporate Transparency Act 2023.

The pre-registration period is different for every overseas entity. It’s between 28 February 2022 and either:

  • the end of the transition period (31 January 2023); and
  • the entity’s registration date, if it registered before 31 January 2023.

There is an annual filing requirement for the register of overseas entities. This means that registered entities must file an overseas entity update statement one year after the overseas entity was registered, and every year after that. This is required in order to inform Companies House of any changes, or to confirm that the information they hold is still correct.

Information on the register is available to HMRC and is used to help identify offshore tax non-compliance of:

  • overseas legal entities
  • overseas legal arrangements
  • beneficial owners (including settlors, beneficiaries etc).

There are financial penalties for entities that have failed to comply with the rules. As well as financial penalties, overseas entities which fail to register will find it difficult to sell, lease or raise charges over their land.  

Source:Companies House | 14-07-2025
National Insurance

Applying for a National Insurance number

Jul 17, 2025 by Terry Harris 0 Comments

Working or claiming benefits in the UK? You may need to apply for a National Insurance number first. If you do not already have one, your NI number is essential for tracking tax, National Insurance contributions and accessing certain government services. While most UK residents receive their number at age 16, newcomers or those starting work later in life may need to apply. It takes around four weeks to process after proving your identity, but you can still start work or claim some benefits while you wait.

According to HMRC guidance, you can apply for a National Insurance number if you:

  • live in the UK,
  • have the legal right to work in the UK, and
  • are working, looking for work, or have a job offer.

You can still start work without an NI number, as long as you can prove your right to work in the UK. Similarly, you can apply for benefits or a student loan without an NI number, though you may be asked to provide one later if required.

Most teenagers living in the UK receive a letter shortly before their 16th birthday confirming their NI number. This letter is important and should be kept safe. Your NI number is unique and stays the same for life, even if your name, address or nationality changes. If you lose your NI number, you can find it on official documents like payslips, P60s or via your personal tax account.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 14-07-2025