Archive: 16th April 2025

Tax relief for landlords replacing domestic items

Swapped an old fridge or carpet in your rental property? Landlords can claim tax relief on replacing domestic items – but not if it's an upgrade! Know the rules and save money by claiming what you are entitled.

The replacement of domestic items relief allows landlords to claim tax relief when they replace movable furniture, household appliances, and other domestic items in a rental property. This relief is available for various items, including free-standing wardrobes, carpets, curtains, televisions, fridges, and crockery.

The amount of the deduction depends on several factors:

  • The cost of the new replacement item, which is limited to the cost of an equivalent item if it represents an improvement over the old one (i.e., beyond the reasonable modern equivalent); plus
  • the incidental costs associated with disposing of the old item or acquiring the replacement; minus
  • any amounts received from disposing of the old item must be deducted from the total claimable amount.

A key aspect of this relief is distinguishing between a "replacement" and an "improvement." If the new item is deemed an improvement over the old one, the allowable deduction is limited to the cost of purchasing an equivalent item of similar type and function.

HMRC’s internal guidance provides an example highlighting the fact that a brand-new budget washing machine costing circa £200 is not an improvement over a 5-year-old washing machine that cost around £200 at the time of purchase (or slightly less, considering inflation).

If the replacement item is a reasonable modern equivalent, such as replacing an old fridge with a new energy-efficient model, this would not be considered an improvement, and the landlord can claim the full cost of the new item under the relief.

This relief helps landlords offset the costs of maintaining and upgrading rental properties, provided the replacement is for an equivalent item rather than an enhanced or more expensive upgrade.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 14-04-2025

Tax and employee suggestion schemes

Have you set up a suggestion scheme for ideas that could save or earn you money? Employee suggestion schemes can offer up to £5,000 tax-free for valuable input — and even £25 for smaller efforts. A win for innovation and your employee payslip!

An employee suggestion scheme can offer many advantages for businesses, not only in terms of the valuable insights and innovations employees contribute but also through the potential for significant tax-free rewards. These schemes can help businesses save money, drive new business, and foster a culture of continuous improvement, all the while offering employees incentives for their contributions.

HMRC outlines two types of awards that businesses can offer employees under such schemes:

  1. Encouragement Awards – These are given for good suggestions or to reward employees for special efforts. Encouragement awards are exempt from both tax and National Insurance contributions up to a limit of £25. Any amount paid above £25 will need to be processed through the payroll and taxed accordingly.
  2. Financial Benefit Awards – These are offered for suggestions that have the potential to save or generate money for the business. The financial benefit awards are exempt from tax up to a generous cap of £5,000. The exempt amount is determined by the greater of:
    • 50% of the money you expect the suggestion to save or generate for your business in the year following its implementation.
    • 10% of the money you expect the suggestion to save or generate for your business over the first five years after its implementation.

In addition to these conditions, there are other reasonable criteria that must be met for the payments to be considered tax-free. These criteria are designed to ensure that the awards are made in a structured and transparent manner.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 14-04-2025

Still time to repay private fuel costs and avoid tax charge

Use a company car for personal trips? Avoid a hefty tax charge by reimbursing your employer for private fuel by 6 July 2025. It’s called “making good” – and it could save you a chunk in tax if your private mileage is low.

To avoid the car fuel benefit charge, an employee must "make good" the cost of all fuel used for private journeys no later than 6 July following the end of the relevant tax year. This means that the employee needs to reimburse the employer for any private fuel used during the 2024-25 tax year by this deadline to prevent any tax liabilities related to the fuel benefit.

When an employee is provided with fuel for private use in a company car, the default rule is that the employee is required to pay the car fuel benefit charge. This charge is calculated based on the car's CO2 emissions rating and is applied to the car fuel benefit multiplier. This has just increased to £28,200 for 2025-26 (2024-25: £27,800).

However, the car fuel benefit charge can be avoided if the employee repays the employer for all private fuel, a process known as "making good." Private fuel use includes fuel used for commuting to and from work.

By making good, HMRC will accept that no car fuel benefit charge applies, allowing the employee to avoid the income tax charge on private car fuel. Typically, it is more beneficial for an employee to reimburse the employer for the private fuel rather than pay the Income Tax charge, especially if private mileage is low.

If the employee does not demonstrate that they have repaid all fuel costs associated with private journeys (including commuting), the car fuel benefit charge will still apply. Therefore, it is crucial for employees to maintain accurate records of private mileage and ensure that all fuel costs for private use are fully repaid by the deadline to avoid unnecessary tax charges.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 14-04-2025

Understanding VAT Bad Debt Relief

Struggling with unpaid invoices? If you've paid VAT to HMRC but never received payment from your customer, you may be able to reclaim that VAT. Learn how bad debt relief works and whether switching to cash accounting could ease your VAT woes.

The VAT bad debt relief provisions enable businesses to reclaim VAT that has been paid to HMRC when a customer fails to pay for goods or services within a reasonable period. This typically applies when an invoice has been issued, but payment has not been received for an extended period (usually six months after the due date).

Under standard VAT accounting procedures, businesses are required to account for VAT at the time an invoice is issued, regardless of whether payment has been received. However, businesses can claim bad debt relief if specific conditions are met.

The primary conditions for claiming bad debt relief, as outlined in HMRC’s guidance, include:

  1. The VAT on the supply must have already been accounted for and paid to HMRC.
  2. The debt must be written off in the business’s regular VAT accounts and transferred to a separate bad debt account.
  3. The value of the supply must not exceed the usual selling price.
  4. The debt should not have been paid, sold, or factored through a valid legal assignment.
  5. The debt must remain unpaid for at least six months after the later of the payment due date or the supply date.

It is important to note that businesses using the cash accounting scheme, or those that use certain retail schemes, only account for VAT on the amounts they have actually received from customers. As such, businesses operating under these schemes are generally not required to make bad debt relief claims, as VAT is only paid once payment is received.

Small businesses experiencing significant issues with bad debts may find it beneficial to apply for the cash accounting scheme, as this can help mitigate VAT liabilities by deferring payment until the customer settles their debt.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 14-04-2025

Higher rate tax relief on pension contributions

Want to make the most of your pension savings? You could claim up to 45% tax relief on contributions, plus carry forward unused allowances. Here’s how to boost your retirement pot with generous HMRC incentives.

Tax relief on private pension contributions is generally available up to 100% of your annual earnings, subject to specific limitations. The relief is applied at your highest rate of Income Tax, which means:

  • Basic rate taxpayers are eligible for a 20% pension tax relief.
  • Higher rate taxpayers can claim a 40% pension tax relief.
  • Additional rate taxpayers are entitled to 45% pension tax relief.

For individuals paying the basic income tax rate, the initial 20% pension tax relief is typically applied automatically by their employer.

Higher and additional rate taxpayers can claim the additional relief through their self-assessment tax return as follows:

  • An additional 20% relief on income taxed at 40%
  • An additional 25% relief on income taxed at 45%

Alternatively, if taxpayers are subject to 40% income tax and do not submit a self-assessment return, they may contact HMRC directly to request the relief.

These tax relief rates apply to taxpayers in England, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It is important to note that Scotland has some regional variations for Income Tax rates.

Furthermore, there is an annual allowance of £60,000 for pension tax relief. Taxpayers have the opportunity to carry forward any unused portion of this allowance from the previous three tax years, provided they made pension contributions during those years. As of 6 April 2023, the lifetime limit for pension tax relief was abolished, offering greater flexibility in pension contributions without the previous lifetime cap.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 14-04-2025

£13.9bn of R&D funding

The UK government has announced a record-breaking £13.9 billion in research and development (R&D) funding for the coming year. This major investment is designed to drive innovation, create quality jobs, and support long-term economic growth across the country.

A large share of the funding, amounting to £8.8 billion, has been allocated to UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), which supports the UK’s leading scientific and technological projects. This funding will help deliver groundbreaking work across multiple sectors including life sciences, clean energy, and advanced engineering.

One of the headline projects includes research into new blood tests aimed at detecting dementia earlier. With nearly a million people in the UK affected by the condition, early diagnosis could make a big difference to treatment outcomes and overall quality of life. It would also help reduce pressure on health and care services.

Another key area of investment is renewable energy. The government is continuing its support for the construction of a new wind turbine test facility in Blyth, Northumberland. This project, which is receiving £86 million, is expected to boost the UK's capacity for clean energy development, support highly skilled local employment, and attract further private investment into the green economy.

The government sees this R&D investment as a central part of its broader 'Plan for Change', which aims to strengthen public services while encouraging economic opportunity and innovation. Officials believe that public investment in R&D often leads to a doubling of private sector investment over time. Evidence shows that businesses receiving R&D grant funding often experience more than 20 percent growth in both employment and turnover within six years.

Science and Technology Secretary Peter Kyle described the investment as a commitment to the future. He said innovation is central to solving society’s biggest challenges, from life-saving medical advances to tackling climate change. He also stressed that research and development plays a vital role in growing the economy and supporting public services across the UK.

This unprecedented level of funding shows that the UK is serious about its role as a global leader in science and technology. By supporting bold ideas and giving researchers the tools they need, the government hopes to unlock progress, create opportunity, and deliver real benefits for people and businesses throughout the country.

Source:Other | 13-04-2025

UK Responds to New US Tariffs

The UK’s Business and Trade Secretary, Jonathan Reynolds, has set out the government's position following the United States' recent imposition of new tariffs on UK exports. These include a 10% reciprocal tariff on British goods and a separate 25% global tariff on cars — moves that have prompted concern among UK manufacturers and exporters.

Reynolds told Parliament he was disappointed by the decision, particularly given the close trading relationship between the two countries. While the US has already imposed a 25% tariff on steel, aluminium, and related products since March, the latest action extends the economic pressure and signals a hardening stance from Washington.

Despite the setback, the Trade Secretary struck a calm and constructive tone, saying the UK will continue to act in the national interest while standing behind domestic industries. He confirmed that UK officials are in ongoing talks with key figures in the US administration, including the Secretary of Commerce and the US Trade Representative, in an effort to rebuild a more stable and mutually beneficial trading relationship.

Reynolds was clear that the government is not seeking to inflame tensions but is preparing for all eventualities. A new public consultation has been launched, inviting businesses and stakeholders to give their views on the impact of the tariffs and to suggest potential UK responses. The consultation runs until 1 May and aims to ensure that any future action is well-informed and proportionate.

The government has also committed to helping businesses navigate the situation, offering guidance through its trade support services and encouraging firms to share their concerns. Reynolds noted that many UK companies still see strong opportunities in US-UK trade and want to preserve access to the world’s largest economy.

He ended by affirming the government’s wider strategy to promote economic resilience through industrial growth, international cooperation, and fair trading practices. The message from the Department for Business and Trade is that while the tariffs are unwelcome, the UK remains focused on protecting its interests without resorting to knee-jerk reactions.

In short, the UK is taking a pragmatic, level-headed approach — defending its industries, listening to businesses, and working to keep trade channels open, even in challenging circumstances.

Source:Other | 13-04-2025

Tax Diary May/June 2025

1 May 2025 – Due date for corporation tax due for the year ended 30 July 2024.

19 May 2025 – PAYE and NIC deductions due for month ended 5 May 2025. (If you pay your tax electronically the due date is 22 May 2025).

19 May 2025 – Filing deadline for the CIS300 monthly return for the month ended 5 May 2025.

19 May 2025 – CIS tax deducted for the month ended 5 May 2025 is payable by today.

31 May 2025 – Ensure all employees have been given their P60s for the 2024/25 tax year.

1 June 2025 – Due date for corporation tax due for the year ended 31 August 2024.

19 June 2025 – PAYE and NIC deductions due for month ended 5 June 2025. (If you pay your tax electronically the due date is 22 June 2025).

19 June 2025 – Filing deadline for the CIS300 monthly return for the month ended 5 June 2025.

19 June 2025 – CIS tax deducted for the month ended 5 June 2025 is payable by today.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 09-04-2025

Employment Restrictions After Termination: Be Cautious

Kau Media Group (KMG) Ltd. sought to enforce two post-termination employment restriction (PTRs) contained in a contract of employment to restrict Mr. Hart, a former employee, from working for his proposed new employer, MiSmile Media Ltd. (MML).

Mr. Hart had worked for KMG from November 2020 to late 2024 as an Account Director. From 2021, the defendant became Account Director for MML, a longstanding client of KMG. On the 19th of September 2024, Mr. Hart informed Mr. Khokhar of KMG that he had since taken a job at MML despite being offered more favourable terms, having been approached by the CEO of MML. Mr. Khokhar however made it clear that taking such a job was against the terms of Mr. Hart’s contract.

On the 25th of September 2024, Mr. Hart inaccurately told the claimant he had already signed a contract with MML, before proceedings were started on the 13th of December 2024. The High Court however concluded that KMG did not establish that the PTRs were enforceable with respect to confidentiality and refused the application for injunctive relief on the grounds of ‘restraint of trade’.

The onus was on KMG to demonstrate that the PTRs were reasonable, protected its legitimate business interests, and that any restrictions were commensurate with the benefits secured under the contract. Even though the services provided by MML and KMG were overtly identical, making them potential competitors, the work involved did not comprise a core part of KMG’s dental sector business and thus MML was not effectively in direct competition with KMG. Settled case law has established that legitimate interest does not cover “the skill, experience, know-how, and general knowledge" acquired by an employee, in order to rely on this interest, KMG should have demonstrated ‘objective’ knowledge.

Thus, before incorporating or seeking to enforce any PTRs, ensure that any PTR relied upon is reasonable between the parties, protects the company’s legitimate business interests, and does not venture beyond these demarcations, or else the PTR may be rendered void and unenforceable.

Source:Other | 09-04-2025

Make the most of trivial benefit payments 2025-26

Small gifts can mean big tax savings! Use the trivial benefits exemption in 2025–26 to reward employees with non-cash perks under £50 – no PAYE, no P11D, and no NIC. A smart, simple way to say thanks.

The rules providing trivial benefit payments provide a great opportunity to give small rewards and incentives to employees in the new 2025-26 tax year. The benefit-in-kind (BiK) trivial exemption applies to small non-cash benefits like a bottle of wine, or a bouquet of flowers given occasionally to employees or any other BiK classed as 'trivial' that falls within the exemption.

By taking advantage of the exemption employers can simplify the treatment of BiKs whilst at the same time offering a tax efficient way to give small gifts to employees. The employer also benefits as the trivial benefit payments do not have to be included on PAYE settlement agreements or disclosed on P11D forms. There is also a matching exemption from Class 1A National Insurance contributions.

The tax exemption applies to trivial BiKs where the BiK:

  • is not cash or a cash-voucher; and
  • costs £50 or less; and
  • is not provided as part of a salary sacrifice or other contractual arrangement; and
  • is not provided in recognition of services performed by the employee as part of their employment, or in anticipation of such services.

The rules also allow directors or other office-holders of close companies and their families to benefit from an annual cap of £300. The £50 limit remains for each gift but could allow for up to £300 of non-cash benefits to be withdrawn per director or shareholder per year. The £300 cap doesn’t apply to employees. If the £50 limit is exceeded for any gift, the full value of the benefit will be taxable.

Source:HM Revenue & Customs | 05-04-2025